{"id":119,"date":"2015-07-15T18:02:50","date_gmt":"2015-07-15T16:02:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/?p=119"},"modified":"2016-10-23T00:28:13","modified_gmt":"2016-10-22T22:28:13","slug":"parlez-haut-et-fort","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/2015\/07\/15\/parlez-haut-et-fort\/","title":{"rendered":"Parlez haut et fort!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/troll-imadeWEB-1.gif\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"26\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/de\/2015\/08\/17\/die-baeckersfrau\/troll-imadeweb-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/troll-imadeWEB-1.gif?fit=258%2C203&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"258,203\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"troll-imadeWEB-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/troll-imadeWEB-1.gif?fit=258%2C203&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-26\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/troll-imadeWEB-1.gif?resize=120%2C94\" alt=\"troll-imadeWEB-1\" width=\"120\" height=\"94\" \/><\/a>Depuis des milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, chaque nouveau-n\u00e9, quels que soient le jour et le lieu de sa naissance, est capable de comprendre n\u2019importe\u00a0 quelle langue humaine en un temps tr\u00e8s bref, sans aucune explication d\u2019un professeur ni exercice sophistiqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tous ceux qui sont jamais n\u00e9s, quels que soient le jour et le lieu de leur naissance, n\u2019ont eu qu\u2019\u00e0 entendre prononcer, pendant les 15 minutes qui ont suivi leur naissance, des phrases formul\u00e9es avec une grammaire correcte dans une langue qu\u2019ils n\u2019avaient jamais entendue, et apr\u00e8s seulement 15\u00a0minutes, tous ces nouveau-n\u00e9s, quels que soient le jour et le lieu de leur naissance, reconnaissent les phrases formul\u00e9es dans cette langue inconnue avec une grammaire incorrecte.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Je nomme <em>compr\u00e9hension efficace<\/em> cette capacit\u00e9 indispensable\u00a0; sans elle, toute <em>compr\u00e9hension par repr\u00e9sentation<\/em> serait impossible, et sans compr\u00e9hension par repr\u00e9sentation, l\u2019homme serait parfaitement incapable d\u2019identifier une pomme comme une pomme, et mourrait de faim.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Je demanderai au lecteur toute sa discr\u00e9tion quant au fait que je suis le genre de personne qui a perdu cette capacit\u00e9 avec le temps, car j\u2019avoue honteusement que je suis maintenant plus b\u00eate qu\u2019au jour de ma naissance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La signification d\u2019une phrase est son usage. Ce qui impliquerait que soit d\u00e9crite la chose qui y est d\u00e9sign\u00e9e, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire cet objet de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence auquel renvoie l\u2019identificateur, le mot, ce qui exigerait n\u00e9cessairement qu\u2019une repr\u00e9sentation sp\u00e9cifique y soit li\u00e9e, et si diff\u00e9rentes repr\u00e9sentations \u00e9taient li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019objet de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, on aurait cr\u00e9\u00e9 un identificateur d\u00e9pourvu de chose identifi\u00e9e, ce qui poserait la question du but dans lequel cet identificateur a bien pu \u00eatre cr\u00e9\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Traduction:\u00a0Cyrille Flamant<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DE.png\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1199\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/2016\/10\/12\/dissonance-cognitive\/de\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DE.png?fit=290%2C174&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"290,174\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"de\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DE.png?fit=290%2C174&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1199\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/DE.png?resize=20%2C12\" alt=\"de\" width=\"20\" height=\"12\" \/><\/a>Sprich laut und deutlich<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/UK.png\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1201\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/2016\/10\/12\/dissonance-cognitive\/uk\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/UK.png?fit=275%2C183&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"275,183\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"uk\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/UK.png?fit=275%2C183&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1201\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/UK.png?resize=20%2C13\" alt=\"uk\" width=\"20\" height=\"13\" \/><\/a>Speak loud and clear<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/UK.png\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1201\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/2016\/10\/12\/dissonance-cognitive\/uk\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/UK.png?fit=275%2C183&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"275,183\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"uk\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/UK.png?fit=275%2C183&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1201\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/UK.png?resize=20%2C13\" alt=\"uk\" width=\"20\" height=\"13\" \/><\/a>Tala h\u00e1tt og snj\u00e1llt<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Depuis des milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, chaque nouveau-n\u00e9, quels que soient le jour et le lieu de sa naissance, est capable de comprendre n\u2019importe\u00a0 quelle langue humaine en un temps tr\u00e8s bref, sans aucune explication d\u2019un professeur ni exercice sophistiqu\u00e9. Tous ceux qui sont jamais n\u00e9s, quels que soient le jour et le lieu de leur naissance, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/2015\/07\/15\/parlez-haut-et-fort\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Parlez haut et fort!<\/span> weiterlesen <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-snjall-fr"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6uOIU-1V","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":639,"url":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/2016\/01\/12\/la-boulangere\/","url_meta":{"origin":119,"position":0},"title":"La boulang\u00e8re","author":"Bj\u00f6rn Eriksson","date":"12. Januar 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Les hommes, parmi lesquels se trouvaient aussi quelques femmes, philosophaient sur le banc comme chaque matin, tandis que les gens arrivant de la gare de l\u2019Est se pressaient pour attraper leur bus et arriver \u00e0 l\u2019heure sur leur lieu de travail ou sur les bancs de l\u2019\u00e9cole. Le lieu de\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;En chemin&quot;","block_context":{"text":"En chemin","link":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/category\/unterwegs-fr\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"troll-imadeWEB-1","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/troll-imadeWEB-1.gif?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1175,"url":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/2016\/10\/12\/dissonance-cognitive\/","url_meta":{"origin":119,"position":1},"title":"Dissonance cognitive","author":"Bj\u00f6rn Eriksson","date":"12. Oktober 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00d2nytjungur\u00a0:Alors, quoi de neuf dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de l\u2019information bas\u00e9e sur la science\u00a0? Les derniers \u00e9v\u00e9nements n\u2019augurent rien de bon. Tilvera\u00a0: Une aube nouvelle point enfin, c\u2019est le temps des h\u00e9ros, les po\u00e8tes et penseurs longtemps disparus sont de retour et vivent une renaissance. \u00d2nytjungur\u00a0: Voil\u00e0 qui est r\u00e9jouissant. Tu\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;En clair&quot;","block_context":{"text":"En clair","link":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/category\/snjall-fr\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"troll-imadeWEB-1","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/troll-imadeWEB-1.gif?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":679,"url":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/2016\/01\/19\/au-bout-de-plusieurs-milliards-dannees\/","url_meta":{"origin":119,"position":2},"title":"Au bout de plusieurs milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es","author":"Bj\u00f6rn Eriksson","date":"19. Januar 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Tilvera\u00a0: Un imb\u00e9cile a affirm\u00e9 que chaque nouveau-n\u00e9, quels que soient le jour et le lieu de sa naissance, est capable de comprendre n\u2019importe\u00a0 quelle langue humaine en un temps tr\u00e8s bref, sans aucune explication d\u2019un professeur ni exercice p\u00e9dagogique sophistiqu\u00e9. \u00d3nytjungur\u00a0: Si je ne me trompe pas, la logique\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;En clair&quot;","block_context":{"text":"En clair","link":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/category\/snjall-fr\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"troll-imadeWEB-1","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/troll-imadeWEB-1.gif?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":655,"url":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/2016\/01\/12\/corps-de-resonance\/","url_meta":{"origin":119,"position":3},"title":"Corps de r\u00e9sonance","author":"Bj\u00f6rn Eriksson","date":"12. Januar 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Ils sont revenus. Nul ne peut les ignorer. Les couvercles de cuisine. \u00c0 chaque sujet abord\u00e9, le patron du salon de coiffure prenait une pose mani\u00e9r\u00e9e\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les politiciens, c\u2019est comme les pigeons.\u00a0\u00bb De derri\u00e8re, il a scrut\u00e9 l\u2019expression du fautif dans le miroir et, voyant que la phrase n\u2019avait pas\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;En chemin&quot;","block_context":{"text":"En chemin","link":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/category\/unterwegs-fr\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"troll-imadeWEB-1","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/troll-imadeWEB-1.gif?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":665,"url":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/2016\/01\/12\/bielefeld-nexiste-pas\/","url_meta":{"origin":119,"position":4},"title":"Bielefeld n\u2019existe pas ?","author":"Bj\u00f6rn Eriksson","date":"12. Januar 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00ab\u00a0\u00c9coutez bien et r\u00e9p\u00e9tez!!!\u00a0\u00bb serait la phrase qui l\u2019a le plus marqu\u00e9 lorsqu\u2019il entreprit d\u2019apprendre l\u2019allemand. De mauvaises langues affirment qu\u2019avec ces mots, il aurait d\u00e9j\u00e0 int\u00e9gr\u00e9 l\u2019essentiel de ce qui caract\u00e9rise et distingue les \u00e9coles allemandes. Ce qui n\u2019est pas vrai, comme nous le prouve l\u2019exemple d\u2019une ville comme\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;En chemin&quot;","block_context":{"text":"En chemin","link":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/category\/unterwegs-fr\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"troll-imadeWEB-1","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/troll-imadeWEB-1.gif?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1044,"url":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/2016\/07\/27\/le-principe-du-cycliste\/","url_meta":{"origin":119,"position":5},"title":"Le principe du cycliste","author":"Bj\u00f6rn Eriksson","date":"27. Juli 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00ab\u00a0Toute politique, quelle que soit l\u2019id\u00e9ologie sur laquelle elle repose, est mensong\u00e8re si elle ne reconna\u00eet pas que le plein-emploi pour tous est devenu impossible et que le travail salari\u00e9 ne peut plus constituer l\u2019axe central de la vie, ni m\u00eame l\u2019activit\u00e9 principale de chacun.\u00bb (Andr\u00e9 Gorz, philosophe social) Pr\u00e9sent\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;En chemin&quot;","block_context":{"text":"En chemin","link":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/fr\/category\/unterwegs-fr\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"troll-imadeWEB-1","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/troll-imadeWEB-1.gif?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1287,"href":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119\/revisions\/1287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.algorithmics.is\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}